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Using df to Show Disk Space Usage in Linux
To display the disk space usage for your drives in Linux, you are able to use the df command. By default, it will show the usage of all the mounted drives in 1k blocks. If the POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable is set though, it will show in 512 byte blocks by default. Below shows the command run with no options.
[email protected]:~$ df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdc1 575758492 126365356 420575064 24% /
udev 1538192 12 1538180 1% /dev
tmpfs 619612 1088 618524 1% /run
none 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock
none 1549020 144 1548876 1% /run/shm
I personally like to use the -h flag with it, which will show the space in human readable format, in KB and GB.
[email protected]:~$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdc1 550G 121G 402G 24% /
udev 1.5G 12K 1.5G 1% /dev
tmpfs 606M 1.1M 605M 1% /run
none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
none 1.5G 144K 1.5G 1% /run/shm
The -a flag will show all of the file systems, including dummy file systems.
[email protected]:~$ df -a
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdc1 575758492 126365360 420575060 24% /
proc 0 0 0 - /proc
sysfs 0 0 0 - /sys
none 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/fuse/connections
none 0 0 0 - /sys/kernel/debug
none 0 0 0 - /sys/kernel/security
udev 1538192 12 1538180 1% /dev
devpts 0 0 0 - /dev/pts
tmpfs 619612 1088 618524 1% /run
none 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock
none 1549020 144 1548876 1% /run/shm
binfmt_misc 0 0 0 - /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
rpc_pipefs 0 0 0 - /run/rpc_pipefs
nfsd 0 0 0 - /proc/fs/nfsd
Using df with the –total flag will show the drive spaces as well. The total space of all the drives together.
[email protected]:~$ df -h --total
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdc1 550G 121G 402G 24% /
udev 1.5G 12K 1.5G 1% /dev
tmpfs 606M 1.1M 605M 1% /run
none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
none 1.5G 144K 1.5G 1% /run/shm
total 553G 121G 405G 23%
Using the -i flag will show the number of inodes on the drives. Inodes are the number of files and directories the disk contains.
[email protected]:~$ df -i
Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on
/dev/sdc1 36028416 525729 35502687 2% /
udev 210007 628 209379 1% /dev
tmpfs 215421 607 214814 1% /run
none 215421 5 215416 1% /run/lock
none 215421 4 215417 1% /run/shm
The -T flag can also be added to show the filesystem type, such as ext3 or NTFS.
[email protected]:~$ df -T
Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdc1 ext4 575758492 126365408 420575012 24% /
udev devtmpfs 1538192 12 1538180 1% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 619612 1088 618524 1% /run
none tmpfs 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock
none tmpfs 1549020 144 1548876 1% /run/shm
The df command also has a couple other options, but I won’t be covering those today since the aren’t usually needed regularly. The help info for the df command is below for reference.
Usage: df [OPTION]... [FILE]...20 0 5120 0% /run/lockShow information about the file system on which each FILE resides,
or all file systems by default.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a, --all include dummy file systems
-B, --block-size=SIZE scale sizes by SIZE before printing them. E.g.,
`-BM' prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes.
See SIZE format below.
--total produce a grand total
-h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M
-H, --si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-i, --inodes list inode information instead of block usage
-k like --block-size=1K
-l, --local limit listing to local file systems
--no-sync do not invoke sync before getting usage info (defau
-P, --portability use the POSIX output format
--sync invoke sync before getting usage info
-t, --type=TYPE limit listing to file systems of type TYPE
-T, --print-type print file system type
-x, --exclude-type=TYPE limit listing to file systems not of type TYPE
-v (ignored)
--help display this help and exit
--version output version information and exit
Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size,
and the DF_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables.
Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).
SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of following:
KB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
Report df bugs to [email protected]
GNU coreutils home page:
General help using GNU software:
For complete documentation, run: info coreutils 'df invocation'
Know some other things you can do with the df command? Tell us about it in the comments!
Chris March 18th, 2013
Posted In: General
Tags: df, disk space, drive, drive space, file system, file systems, inodes, Linux, space
Whmcs security update
Whmcs has released a patch for the 4.x and 5.x versions of their software today that fix some security issues. They are not releasing the details of the security issue as of yet, but it is highly recommended that you apply the patches as soon as possible. You can find more about it at their blog.
http://blog.whmcs.com/?t=69402
Keep secure!
Chris March 12th, 2013
Posted In: Security
Apache Error Codes
Below are a list of apache error codes. These can be helpful when checking for issues in the apache logs.
Chris March 5th, 2013
Posted In: General
dtv.py – The Linux Command Line DirecTV Remote
It’s safe to say that I spend a lot of time on the command line, and really prefer to do as much as possible from there. So, it only makes since to be able to control my DVR from the command line too. So, I created dtv.py, the DirecTV command line remote. As of now, you can operate almost all of the buttons that would be on the remote, as well as get information about different channels and see a scrolling list of what is on all of the channels
.
Download:
[wpdm_package id=’61561′]
You will need to edit the following line in the script to add the IP address of the DirecTV box to the script.
####### Put the IP of your DVR here! #######
boxip = ‘192.168.1.125’
You can also set your favorite channels for the -f flag in the favorites section of the script.
## Put your favorite channels here, seperated by spaces ##
favs = ‘2 13 20 26 39 249’
Here are the different commands that you can run as of now.
usage: dtv.py [-h] [-v] [-i channel] [-c] [-t channel] [-a start,end]
[-b BUTTON] [-f] [--devlist]
optional arguments:
-h, –help show this help message and exit
-v, –version show program’s version number and exit
-i channel, –info channel
Shows info for a channel.
-c, –current Shows info for currently tuned channel
-t channel, –tune channel
Tune to a channel
-a start,end, –all start,end
Show a scrolling list what what’s on a range of
channels. Must specify a comma separated start and end
channel.
-b BUTTON, –button BUTTON
Press a button as you would on a physical remote. Can
use a comma to separate button presses
-f, –favs Show what is on your favorite channels
–devlist Show list of options available from the DVR. Only good
for development
There is more to come and feature requests are very welcome!
Chris February 23rd, 2013
Posted In: How To
Tags: command line, Command Line DirecTV, Command Line Remote, DirecTV, Linux Command Line DirecTV, scrolling list, the DirecTV
How to install a .deb file from the command line
So you have downloaded a .deb file with a program that you would like to install. Most distros that are using a graphical interface will have a package manager that you can use to install these. But if you’re like me, you prefer to do it from the command line. To install it from there, you will need to use the dpkg command, using the -i flag, which does the install. In this example, I have dowloaded Google chrome for Linux from their website and am installing it on Ubuntu.
[email protected]:/home/user/Downloads# dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_i386.deb Selecting previously unselected package google-chrome-stable. (Reading database ... 296976 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking google-chrome-stable (from google-chrome-stable_current_i386.deb) ... Setting up google-chrome-stable (21.0.1180.79-r151411) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/google-chrome to provide /usr/bin/x-www-browser (x-www-browser) in auto mode. update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/google-chrome to provide /usr/bin/gnome-www-browser (gnome-www-browser) in auto mode. Processing triggers for man-db ... Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils ... Processing triggers for bamfdaemon ... Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf.index... Processing triggers for gnome-menus ... Processing triggers for menu ...
If that finishes with no errors, then the package should be installed. In this case, I can now open Google Chrome though the Window manager’s menu or through the terminal.
Chris August 17th, 2012
Posted In: How To
Tags: command line, deb, dpkg, Google chrome, install, Linux, package
Download the RandomLinux.com Android app!
Download v1 of the RandomLinux.com Android app! Stay up to date on everything that’s Linux right from your phone or tablet!
Download below!
[wpdm_file id=5]
Chris June 10th, 2012
Posted In: How To
Tags: Android, Linux, RandomLinux.com
How to install Samba on Ubuntu – Automated installation script available
Samba is an open source software suite which provides file and print services. This can be installed using a few commands, or using our installation script at the bottom of this post.
The first thing that you need to do is install the Samba and samba-common packages.
sudo apt-get install samba samba-common
You will then want to make sure that python-glade2 is installed.
sudo apt-get install python-glade2
After that, you will want to install the Samba configuration tool.
sudo apt-get install system-config-samba
You then need to add a user account for the Samba user. You can use any name you would like.
sudo useradd sambauser
You will also want to create a user for you to log into your Samba server when you connect.
sudo smbpasswd -a sambauser
You will also want to run the Samba Configuration tool to set up the folders that you want to share. You can find that in your system’s app tray or you can start it by using the following command.
sudo system-config-samba
You are also able to download the installation script we created to help you automate installing that. This was tested on Ubuntu 12.04, so I cannot guarantee that it will work on anything but that. If you need it to work on your OS, let us know what you’re using and we’ll get a script set up for it.
Download the installation script here:
[wpdm_file id=4]
You need to make the permissions for this executable (something like chmod 755 installsamba.sh), then run:
sh installsamba.sh
Let us know how it works for you! If you like it and it helps you, feel free to share!
If you would like to see the source code for that, you can see it here:
Enjoy!
Chris June 5th, 2012
Posted In: How To
Tags: automatically, install, installation script, Linux, samba, Samba configuration, script
Add and Remove PHP Modules on cPanel Servers Without Recompiling Apache
If you are running a cPanel server, you are able to use EasyApache to add and remove many PHP extensions. cPanel has the ability to also install and uninstall PHP modules on the fly using the phpextensionmgr, which can be found at /scripts/phpextensionmgr. You are able to see the usage and option by using the –help flag, as shown below.
[email protected] [~]# /scripts/phpextensionmgr --help Usage: phpextensionmgr [options] [action] [extension] Options: --help Help message --prefix Installation prefix for PHP (normally /usr/local or /usr/local/php4) Actions: install Install or update the extension uninstall Uninstall the extension status Display the installation status of the extension list Show available extensions
As you can see, you are able to install, uninstall, display whether or not the extension is installed, or list all of the available modules. Running the list command as below will show all of the modules that are available to be added on your server.
[email protected] [~]# /scripts/phpextensionmgr list Available Extensions: EAccelerator IonCubeLoader Zendopt Xcache SourceGuardian PHPSuHosin
You can also find the status of a single module by using the status flag.
[email protected] [~]# /scripts/phpextensionmgr status Xcache Updating md5sum list Fetching http://httpupdate.cpanel.net/cpanelsync/easy/targz.yaml (connected:0)....... (request attempt 1/12)...Using dns cache file /root/.HttpRequest/httpupdate.cpanel.net ......searching for mirrors (mirror search attempt 1/3)...... mirror search success......connecting to 69.72.212.10... @69.72.212.10......connected......receiving...100%......request success......Done Downloading tarball for Xcache Fetching http://httpupdate.cpanel.net/cpanelsync/easy/targz/Cpanel/Easy/Xcache.pm.tar.gz (connected:0)....... (request attempt 1/12)......connecting to [email protected] receiving...100%......request success......Done Determining status of Xcache Xcache extension is NOT installed
If we wanted to install Xcache, we would use the install flag, which will take care of the entire install process. Keep in mind that we are only using Xcache as an example and it’s usage will depend on your server configuration as well.
[email protected] [~]# /scripts/phpextensionmgr install Xcache Installing Xcache Determining PHP version Configuring for: PHP Api Version: 20090626 Zend Module Api No: 20090626 Zend Extension Api No: 220090626 Will now run system( ./configure,--with-php-config=/usr/local/bin/php-config ) checking for egrep... grep -E checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /bin/sed checking for cc... cc checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out checking whether the C compiler works... yes checking whether we are cross compiling... no checking for suffix of executables... checking for suffix of object files... o checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes checking whether cc accepts -g... yes checking for cc option to accept ANSI C... none needed ..... ..... (More compiling stuff) .... .... /bin/sh /home/cpeasyapache/phpextensions/xcache/xcache-1.3.2/libtool --mode=install cp ./xcache.la /home/cpeasyapache/phpextensions/xcache/xcache-1.3.2/modules cp ./.libs/xcache.so /home/cpeasyapache/phpextensions/xcache/xcache-1.3.2/modules/xcache.so cp ./.libs/xcache.lai /home/cpeasyapache/phpextensions/xcache/xcache-1.3.2/modules/xcache.la PATH="$PATH:/sbin" ldconfig -n /home/cpeasyapache/phpextensions/xcache/xcache-1.3.2/modules ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Libraries have been installed in: /home/cpeasyapache/phpextensions/xcache/xcache-1.3.2/modules If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR' flag during linking and do at least one of the following: - add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment variable during execution - add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable during linking - use the `-Wl,--rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag - have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf' See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Build complete. Don't forget to run 'make test'. Got ret value 0 from system( make ) Will now run system( make,install ) Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/ Got ret value 0 from system( make,install ) Will now run system( make,clean ) find . -name \*.gcno -o -name \*.gcda | xargs rm -f find . -name \*.lo -o -name \*.o | xargs rm -f find . -name \*.la -o -name \*.a | xargs rm -f find . -name \*.so | xargs rm -f find . -name .libs -a -type d|xargs rm -rf rm -f libphp.la modules/* libs/* Got ret value 0 from system( make,clean ) Xcache extension activated ./cpanel-install exiting with exit code 0
If you wanted to remove that module, you could do so with the uninstall flag.
[email protected]evbox [~]# /scripts/phpextensionmgr uninstall Xcache
Uninstalling Xcache
Removing xcache from /usr/local/lib/php.ini
Using /scripts/phpextensionmgr can help you to add, remove, find the status of particular modules and list the available modules. In you day to day work, this can help you to save time by not needing to run EasyApache to install the PHP modules which can save time and unnecessary load on your server.
Chris May 16th, 2012
Posted In: How To
Tags: apache, cpanel, modules, PHP, PHP extensions, php modules, recompile, server, Xcache
Download Flipboard Android APk
The Flipboard android app was recently released with the Samsung Galaxy S3 and it is a great app. This has recently leaked from the S III dump and is working on other devices. We do not take any credit for this, we just wanted to add another place to download it. You can find that below. Enjoy!
[wpdm_file id=3]
Chris May 13th, 2012
Posted In: Uncategorized
Fix workspace switching on Gnome 3.4 after updating
If you have recently updated to Ubuntu 12.04 with Gnome as your desktop and are using dual monitors, you have probably noticed that only one of the screens switch workspaces and the other stays fixed. Before, you were able to fix this by using the gconf-editor, however now when you make changes to that, it is no longer working and the changes are not being applied. To fix the monitors when that does not work, you need to run the following command, which will disable workspaces-only-on-primary, which is basically doing the same thing as is done in the gconf-editor.
Run this command as the user that you are logged in as (not using sudo or as root in the command line)
gsettings set org.gnome.shell.overrides workspaces-only-on-primary false
You should not receive any output when you run the command and the changes should be applied immediately without needing to log out. You will now be able to change workspaces correctly on both monitors.
Chris May 3rd, 2012
Posted In: How To
Tags: desktops, dual monitors, Gnome, gnome3, gsettings, switch, workspace, workspaces